Shotgun cartridge



July 4, 1933. C; A HlsLOP 1,917,118

SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE Filed July 7, 1932 /M/f/v Tae.

Ml ALW/MSL @heg/muh i l Patented 7.4, 'A

CHARLES ANDREW 'nis'nor,forlsEAM`1LL, WEST K'ILRIDE, SCOTLAND, AssIofNoR'ro IMPERIALv CHEMICAL*INnUsTRiEsiLIMlTED, ACORPORATION or. vGREATBRITAIN n snoTeuN oANTainfE i i Application ale@Juiyaia1sena1'Nqlcanar?,aladin 'Great n iiy-fafn'iaiy 7,;14931. n

This invention ,relata as irjrjigi-0yedr Shot l gun cartridges, andhaswforjits'pri'ncipal'ob1- i i f d.. 1 lo pose jectthefprovision of anew and improyedf orm'of'shot guny cartridge wad. v

y Hitherto thewads for shot gun cartridgesJ have consisted ofsolidfcylindersl of. elt',fcork t or other similar material, ValthoughVarious forms of hollow wlads. hayealso Abeen' pro,-`

`According 'to vthe present invention a 'l shot gun cartridge is;provided with a wad con-` sisting of a'unit formed from two hollowsubstantially Acylindrical cups, open atone of slightly' differentdiameters,and the one cup being inverted'inside the'other and pref-l 5erably fitting closelytherein, andthe result- 'V ing wadlbeing'jsofarranged'fon constructed that ,the powdergases may havefaccessy to `its interior whenthe cartridge is lired, andtheoverpowdercard, such is used, being 'perfo-` rate'd' orlc'on'siderablyreduced in thickness so as tojbeeasily ruptured by thepowder gases.

' The cupsare made of any suitable Vmaterial isuch" as moderatelystii'jpaper, cardboard,

millboard, compressed "fibre,f`ojr Ithe like,

' whichis sulicientlyjdeformable for `the purpose of providingtheneces'saryobturation thejybarrel ofpthefgu'n.) cupsareconvenv'ientlypressedout of circular piecesfofthe i material byjmeans ofdies, andthe edges 'may l loe'trimmed. `Iii-desired` the-'cups vmay belubricated by dipping 'them in paraffin wax.V When the wad ,is placedinthe Cartridge "with the mouthof the larger cup'facing the ,powder, theusual'v overpowder card is preferablydispensed with,A vor isperforatedlor 1 considerably vreduced inlthicknes's so that it ducingthe"desiredobturatiom .1 @nthe` other hand, if thel wad isv placedin,the cartridge e f in thereverse position, i".'-'e. with the basel of',

the larger cup facing :the powder,V an 'entry into the wad mu'stbeprovidedxfor the 'gases by perforatingthe base'offtheylarger cuppreferably by cuttingutwo intersectingifslits therein.l As before,theloverpowder card is .preferablydispensed with, or is perforated of"the Wad or'the overpowder disc.V i

or"'considerably'rediiced in thickness so that* itwillberupturedbythegases." f i `Iirpracti'ce, it maynot beconvenient'toar-` rangeftheAwad in any one particular direc# vtion and thereforeit is preferable inall cases `v to perforatey the base ofthelarger cup as,

mentioned, Vsince if this is done the gases'will be able .to enter theVwad whichever end Yis present-ed towardsthepowder, The Abase of thesmaller:icupjniayialso be perforated, but

"this is not essentialsince asv stated above the gases already haveameans of'entry via the' narrowclearance'betweenthewalls of the cups. Ifthe perforations in `the'wad or *overpow'der card, if suchlisfused,aremore thanl'slits care must 4loe taken that powder cannot fall into theinterior of thefwad, and a .thin paper membrane may. bev interposed`l`which' if desired may be gummed to thebase VThe invention is illustratedin theaccoin-v pany'ing drawing, infwhich'Figures-l and 2 arediagrammaticsections of a complete car`V tridge showingthewadinthe twoalternative positions, and Figure V3 v'is an endview of the wad' showingIfthe perforations in vthe base of; theflarger cup. Referring to Figuresl and' 2, 1 is the cartridge case, 2 the metalbasecap, i y

the percussion cap, and 4' the base Wad. 5 fris the powder charge, 6 theshot charge,.7 the 'undershot card, and 8 the v.overshotcard or yclosingfdisd The wad consists of WO Cylinltrated the :inner cup is a'friction t 'in the outer cup and the outer cup' is a friction `tit inther c rtrldge case`the clearances ha-ving been'exaggerated'in thedrawing.

Referring tolFig'ure 3,*the'outer circlel()` Y i 4951 denotes the V'baseof the-larger cup 'and the dotted inner'circlesgdenote-the rimof theopenend of the 'innercu'p immediately below Y thel base ofthe largercup.Twointersecting `slits 11 are cutv in the base of the larger cup.'k

These slits'iieed not penetrate through the baseasjit`- is onlynecessary to weakenathe I r baserof the cup to such an extent that itwill be easily ruptured by theA powder gases when A placedin theposition of Figure 2Q vAsfwill i, befseenfrom Figures l andl2, noVoyerpowder ,y

card is provided, but of course onefmay be'.y insertedyifVdesiredsuloject to the precautions the normal felt wad,equivalentballistics can "be obtained withlfreducedpowder charges;

smaller cup was., avfrietioiifitlinithel largerA The undershot cardmwasf the'yshlot chargeconsistedoflloz. ,of No. 6* shot. x 1

yand the recoil is also-substantially reduced. This is shown bythefollowing tests made with12eboref-cartridgesx; v 1

rThe wad consisted fot twov liat vkbottomed cylindrical cups open at oneend and closedat the other,ywh-ichlwere pressed" romVconr-l pressedypaper; 'board 0.0287 thick. The

cupi, andthe outer. diameter of the -wadwas aboutfOT'Sf andthe depthabout-$55." 'The `base', of the larger v cup .was-provided V4with `twolshortinter sectlngl slits as shown inFi'gureB. The wadwasplaced intlielcartridgeg in either ofthe positionsshown in Figures. l andQ, ,dirrectly over-the'fpowder without` using anr 23 ^`overpowder 'card.'@,Tlre. powder.v chargewas 30 ggra'infs,v of .smokeless diamond powder.'

11H .Tf1

-Th'e pressuremeasured51'? the y barrel ofthe. gun,.on firing, wasllltonslpersqlin., y the;l recoillmeasured$9.46( and theV `velocity overQOyardsofthe shot.was 1091-eet perv tridgehaving,I agpowder :chargeoi 33.grains 'n of the. same...pjowder,r anioverpowder card feet. perfsecond.

nessv and.. an undershot'. card 55T in :thick-4 Lness,` and the,l sameshot charge, the? pressure ywasA 2.93 tons. per. .sq. inch, V thefrecoilj 9.69 inches and: the velocityover 2O yards 1,0820

No overpowder card lwas used.

velocityv over20 yards' 1062Lfeetpers'ec'ond.f.

ln a comparative test withY 3' 'giairis"v of the same' powder, a Tloverpowder -card,. a

second.

' bodiinents of this ,inventiontmayf befmade without departingjfro'm thespirit and ,scope thereof, it isto be understoodrlt'hat .wezdognotilimit ourselves tof-the specific/ embodiments` thereof' except as.,deiin'edf'in the appended,

. claims.

I'tiaim': v

thick and;

`der-'charge Atand .an shot charge and; an intermediate'wad consisting.of a un1t"formed from two vhollow substantially cylindrical,V

cups which are open atjone end and closed at y the gotherfe'n'd the`said :,cupsgebeing Aof*y slightly'l different?v diameters andethe-44cupjv of smaller a diameter being inverted inside the other cup. if' f2.Ai shot gun cartridge as claimed in claim Al, in which the wad is placeddirectly over tliepowder vcharge withoutv employing the yusualover-powder, card) with the ,open end of'jt-helargery cup facing thepowder, thereby providingaccess for the, powder' gases to the Y interiorof thewadwhe'n the cartridge is; `fired.. y

3;' Ashot gun cartridgeyas claimed'in claim,V

l, .inwhich .the wad4 is placed directly over the powder charge (withoutemploying the-y us'ual over-powder card) withthe closed end. of the.larger cu-pwfacingthe powder, said closed endfbeingadapted to allow thepassage ofthe powder gasesintotheinterior of the" wad whenythecartridgeis'iired.

. A' shot gun cartridgeas claimed in claim .l l, yin whgich t-he wadisplaced 'directly over `the powder-charge (without employingthe usualover-powder', card) 'withthe closed-.end 0f the larger cup acinglthepowder, said closed Vend'being,perforated by means-of intersect.`

ing slits whichdo notnpermitany powder to fall into the wad.

der charge and ashOtfcharge. and an intergv mediate wadconsisting'of aumt formed from A two hollow substantially cylindrical cupsffwhicharejopen atene end and closed at the other. end, the "said`| cups; beingofU l the powder chargeA byanr over-powder; disc powder ygases into1 theinterior when the" cartridge is fired. y

acesthe powder.

V 6. 'A 'shot gun cartridge as claimed in claim.' 5, in whichthe openendof the larger cupr Awhich is 'adapted to all'owthe ypassage of the.

of lthe wad;

' 7'. A; shot gun cartridge as claimed. -in claim f 5, in lwhich theclosed end oftheouter cup -faces the powder and .is adapted to allowthepassa, ;e1of thepowder gases intothe interior of the wad when thecartridge,v is fired. l

8.A wad. for shot gun'cartridges consisting o f {two'h'ollow cups madeof vmaterial ofvr g, i .Y ,i thelrmd typilied by cardboard, the saidcups As manyapparently widely' ,dil-ferent `e1n-.

being of'slightly diferentfdiameters andthe tcupof sma'llefr'diameterbeing vinverted inside the other cup, the base vof which is slitv toallow 'the lpassage ofy powdergases into thefginter'ior yof f the r4wadiwh'envthe lcartridge is "l Inztestimony whereoffl hereunto f aiiz .y isignature.. v 1 A shot gunrcartridge comprising 1f-.poumF F55' u

